STM-Movies
1) Manipulation of organic molecules
1) Manipulation of organic molecules
molecule | substrate | description |
Au(111) | - isomerization and diffusion of a single molecule - between each image of the movie a electron induced manipulation is performed
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Au(111) | - the molecule is attached to a substituted benzene molecule - between each image of the movie a electron induced manipulation is performed
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| - isomerization of a single molecule - between each image of the movie a electron induced manipulation is performed
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folder | File | surface | T | time between images | total number of images | total time of movie | image size | content | surface orientation: Close packed rows |
Ag(110) -row resolution | Ag(110) | 155 K | 6 s | 39 | 3 min 58 s | 10.9 nm x 11.3 nm | Evolution of adatom islands (yellow) and vacancy islands (black) near step edge. Atomic rows of surface are visible | horizontal | |
Ag(110) -row resolution | Ag(110) | 157 K | 5 s | 59 | 5 min | 10.9 nm x 11.3 nm | Evolution of adatom islands (yellow) and vacancy islands (black). Atomic rows of surface are visible | horizontal | |
Ag(110) -row resolution |
| Ag(110) | 186 K | 7 s | 148 | 17 min 16 s | 12 nm x 11 nm | Evolution of adatom islands (white) and vacancy islands (black). Atomic rows of surface are visible, i.e. islands are mostly 2 to 3 rows wide | horizontal |
Ag(110) | Ag(110) | 194 K | 19 s | 87 | 17 min 33 s FAULT in movie | 36.5 nm x 37.5 nm | Brownian (i.e. random) motion of small vacancy islands (black) on Ag(110) | horizontal | |
Ag(110) | Ag(110) | 209 K | 31 s | 10 | 4 min 39 s | 51.1 nm x 49.7 nm | Vacancy island (black) move randomly; two islands coalesce (approximately middle of movie) | horizontal, slightly inclined | |
Ag(110) -AI decay -1D | Ag(110) | 196 K | 6.5 s | 48 | 5 min 2 s | 21.9 nm x 22.5 nm | Decay of adatom island (yellow) below threshold temperature for equilibration | horizontally being slightly inclined towards the top right | |
Ag(110) -AI decay -1D | Ag(110) | 204 K | 23 s | 56 | 21 min 5 s time fault in movie | 21.9 nm x 22.5 nm | Decay of adatom islands (yellow) in ensemble below threshold temperature for equilibration. Adatoms are elongated in direction of fast diffusion and shrink mainly in this direction | horizontal being slightly inclined towards the top right | |
Ag(110) -AI decay -1D | Ag(110) | 216... 230 K | 33 s | 165 | 1 h 30 min 1 s | 109.5 nm x 112.5 nm | Decay of adatom islands (yellow) in ensemble starting below threshold temperature for equilibration and crossing it. Adatoms are elongated in direction of fast diffusion and shrink mainly in this direction | from top left to bottom right | |
Ag(110) -AI decay -2D | Ag(110) | 225 K | 13 s | 47 | 14 min 42 s | 51.1 nm x 49.7 nm | Decay of adatom islands (yellow) above threshold temperature for equilibration | horizontal being slightly inclined towards the top right | |
Ag(110) -AI decay -2D | Ag(110) | 227 K | 35.5 s | 270 | 2 h 39 min 42 s | 109.5 nm x 112.5 nm | Decay of adatom islands (yellow) above threshold temperature for equilibration | top left to bottom right | |
Ag(110) -AI decay -2D | Ag(110) | 230 K | 26.5 s | 110 | 48 min 20 s | 51.1 nm x 49.7 nm | Decay of adatom islands (yellow) above threshold temperature for equilibration | horizontal being slightly inclined towards the top right | |
Ag(110) -AI decay -2D | Ag(110) | 250 K | 16.5 s | 156 | 42 min 57 s | 109.5 nm x 112.5 nm | Decay of adatom islands (yellow) above threshold temperature for equilibration | top left to bottom right | |
Ag(110) -AI decay -2D | Ag(110) | 254 K | 17 s | 79 | 22 min 24 s | 109.5 nm x 112.5 nm | Decay of adatom islands (yellow) above threshold temperature for equilibration | top left to bottom right | |
Ag(110) -VI decay | Ag(110) | 222 K | 31 s | 87 | 44 min 26 s FAULT in movie | 109.5 nm x 112.5 nm | Ostwald ripening of vacancy islands (red): Samll islands decay while large islands grow (slightly); there is a step in top right corner and below an intersection of a bulk dislocation with the surface | horizontal being slightly inclined towards the top right | |
Ag(110) -VI decay | Ag(110) | 247 K | 18.5 s | 150 | 46 min 26 s | 219 nm x 225 nm | decay of several vacancy islands (black) on same terrace; towards end of movie there is a zoom-in to remaining island | horizontal being slightly inclined towards the top right | |
Ag(111) -Brown | Ag(111) | 282 K | 28 s | 90 | 46 min 8 s | 146 nm x 150 nm | Small adatom islands (yellow) are situated on terracd with a large vacancy island (black) in the middle of image; there is another adatom island (red) within large vacancy island; adatom islands perform a random (i.e. Brownian) motion |
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Ag(111) -Brown | Ag(111) | 290 K | 34 s | 216 | 2 h 25 min 22 s | 146 nm x 150 nm | Brownian motion of ensemble of vacancy islands (red in lower 2/3 of image and black in upper 1/3) with coalescence of two vacancy islands (approx. middle of image); step edge runs approx. horizontally at 2/3 from bottom |
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Ag(111) -Brown | Ag(111) | 293 K | 11.5 s | 99 | 32 min 43 s | 109.5 nm x 112.5 nm | Brownian motion of ensemble of vacancy islands; small islands move much faster than larger ones |
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Ag(111) -Brown | Ag(111) | Room T | 10 s | 145 | 24 min 10 s | 172.8 nm x 156 nm | Wrong Film format, replace .mpp by .avi Four vacancy islands (black) and one adatom island (white) are situated on one terrace and perform a random (i.e. Bronian) motion. Note the effect of the Ehrlich-Schwoebel barrier: adatom island decays, while the three vacancy islands do not change their size due to |
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Ag(111) -Koale szenz | Ag(111) | 283 K | 54 s | 250 | 3 h 44 min 20 s | 109.5 nm x 112.5 nm | vacancy island (black) and adatom island (orange to yellow) are situated on terrace; adatom island coalesces with step edge and resulting bump decays |
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Ag(111) -Koale szenz | Ag(111) | room temp |
| 250 |
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| High density of vacancy islands: due to random fluctuations of steps and reshaping of coalesced vacancy islands to hexagons, there are multiple coalesce events |
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Ag(111) -Koales zenz | Ag(111) |
| 21 s | 97 | 33 min 36 s | 109.5 nm x 112.5 nm | two large vacancy islands (red) touch due to random fluctuation of their border at approx. 18 min; due to the following reshaping of the newly formed vacancy island it touches the step edge on top of the image at end of movie; note small vacancy islands (black) that perform random motion; left one decays rapidly upon touching border of vacancy island |
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Ag(111) -Decay | Ag(111) | 198 K | 7 s | 482 | 2h 53 min 2 s | 73 nm x 75 nm | small vacancy islands (black) in larger vacancy island (red) decay. During decay it performs a random motion, The decay accelerates by orders of magnitude, when vacancy island comes very close to step edge at approx. 2h45min |
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Ag(111) -Decay | Ag(111) | 295 K | 20 s | 62 | 20 min 40 s | 109.5 nm x 112.5 nm | Decay of five adatom islands situated on two different terraces; decay of adatom island in upper right corner is accelerated when it touches step edge |
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Ag(111) -Decay | Ag(111) | room temp | 10 s | 76 | 12 min 30 s | 112 nm x 112 nm | single adatom island decays on terrace; on top of image an array of steps is visible |
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Ag(111) -Decay | Ag(111) | 328 K | 9 s | 33 | 28 min 27 s | 146 nm x 150 nm | stack of adatom islands, smallest adatom island on top (yellow) accelerates decay when touching step edge |
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Ag(111) -nano lab | Ag(111) | 276 K | 46 s | 83 | 1 h 8 min 46 s | 255 nm x 264 nm | four adatom islands (orange) are situated in large vacancy island (red) and decay |
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Ag(111) -nano lab | Ag(111) | 280 K | 78 s | 87 | 2 h 10 min 47 s | 219 nm x 225 nm | Ensemble of nine adatom islands (orange) are situated in one large vacancy island (dark red) and show Ostwald ripening that locally depends on neighbouring adatom islands. |
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Ag(111) -nano lab | Ag(111) | 278 K | 14 s | 92 | 46 min | 51.1 nm x 52.5 nm | two adatom islands (yellow) are situated on same larger adatom island (bright red); smaller one decays, larger one grows; a third adatom island is situated on another larger adatom island (bottom of image) decay with a much smaller rate |
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Ag(111) -nano lab | Ag(111) | 288 K | 28 s | 64 | 32 min 51 s | 146 nm x 150 nm | AI (red) situated in centre of large vacancy island (black) decays |
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Ag(111) -nano lab | Ag(111) | 303 K | 5 min 4 s | 145 | 12 h 10 min | 170 nm x 176 nm | Adatom island (red) is situated in centre of vacancy island (black) and decays |
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Ag(111) -nano lab | Ag(111) | 301 K | 1 min 45 s | 1556 | 45h 42min | 255 nm x 264 nm | Long-time movie of four vacancy islands (black) situated in four different larger vacancy islands (dark red) that decay |
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Ag(111) -nano lab | Ag(111) | 356 K | 22 s | 91 | 45 min | 146 nm x 150 nm | Vacancy island (black) situated in centre of larger vacancy island (red) decays |
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Ag(111) -ost wald | Ag(111) | 300 K | 200 s | 198 | 11 h | 500 nm x 500 nm | Ensemble of adatom islands at a coverage of 0.08 ML show Ostwald ripening, i.e. large islands grow at the expense of smaller islands |
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Ag(111) -ost wald | Ag(111) | room temp | 100s for 99 images 200 s for rest | 179 | 7 h 11 min 40 s | 500 nm x 500 nm | Ensemble of adatom islands at a coverage of 0.21 ML show Ostwald ripening, i.e. large islands grow at the expense of smaller islands |
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Ag(111) -shape | Ag(111) | 272 K | 66 s | 72 | 1 h 18 min 12 s | 109.5 nm x112.5 nm | three adatom islands (yellow) and three vacancy islands (black) are situated on Ag(111) terrace. All islands show random rearrangement of their border |
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Ag(111) -shape | Ag(111) | room temp | 2 s | 192 | 3 min 2 s | 56 nm x 56 nm | Vacancy islands (black) shows random fluctuation of island border at room temperature |
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Ag(111) | Ag(111) | room temp | 12 s | 14 | 2 min 36 s | 250 nm x 250 nm | six adatom islands (light grey) on a surface with many vacancy islands (dark grey); adatom islands decay much faster than expected for this temperature due to an influence of the scanning process |
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Ag(111) | Ag(111) | room temp | 30 s | 63 | 31 min | 500 nm x 500 nm | stacks of adatoms islands produced by homo-epitaxial growth; movie shows evolution of this non-equilibrium situation towards equilibrium though decay, motion, and coalescence of islands |
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Ag(111) | Ag(111) | 327 K | 12 s | 59 | 19 min 30 s | 109.5 nm x112.5 nm | number of vacancy islands (red) decreases due to random motion of them and subsequent coalescence (Smolouchowski ripening) |
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Ag(111) | Ag(111) | 320 K | 20 s | 385 | 2 h 9 min 31 s | 141 nm x 150 nm | helical sep stat originates from a screw dislocation intersecting the surface "unrolls". Coalescence with vacancy island on top of image accelerates this evolution towards equilibrium |
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Cu_Ag(111) | Ag(111) | 16 K | 100 s | 148 | 7h 18min | 18,8 nm x 18.8 nm | copper adatoms (circular protrusions) move randomly and copper dimers (ellipsoidal protrusions) rotate |
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Cu_Ag(111) | Ag(111) | 24 K | 80 s | 300 | 6h 40 min | 17.9 nm x 17.9 nm | copper adatoms (circular protrusions) move randomly and copper dimers (ellipsoidal protrusions) rotate much faster than at 16 K |
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Cu_Ag(111) | Ag(111) | 21 K | 45 s | 90
| 45 min | 8.2 nm x 8.2 nm | four copper dimers (ellipsoidal protrusions) are seen in first image; their rotation is followed |
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Cu_Ag(111) | Ag(111) | 16 K | 100 s | 22 | 35 min | 15.3 nm x 8.2 nm | a copper dimer (ellipsoidal protrusion in lower right corner) is surrounded by three copper atoms. Due to a rearrangement of the surrounding atoms the rotation is asymmetric |
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Cu_Ag(111) | Ag(111) | 24 K | 100 s | 72 | 2h | 5.7 nm x 5.7 nm | Influence of copper adatom on copper dimer rotation: two copper dimers (ellipsoidal protrusions) and three copper adatoms (circular protrusions); copper dimer in upper left corner no longer rotates between three possible positions, but only between two of them, as soon as the copper adatom comes closer than 1.3 nm |
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Cu_Ag(111) | Ag(111) | 20 K | 100 s | 26 | 41 min 40 s | 7.8 nm x 7.8 nm | two copper dimers (ellipsoidal protrusion) in upper part of image are situated at a distance of lF/ = 3.7 nm; a mutual influence of their rotation on each other is observed |
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